Every September for several years, Apple has held an iPod-centric event to introduce new iPods. This year, there’s been no such event, and its seeming that the iPods are being ignored this year. Most interesting to me are the lack of updates to the iPod classic. It was bumped up to a 160GB version 2 years ago, and hasn’t been updated since. As the iPod turns 10 years old next month, I have to wonder: is the iPod that floated Apple through most of the 2000s nearing its end?

I love my iPod classic. I use it for several hours a day as I listen to music and podcasts. With 160GB, I can carry my entire music collection with me. There’s not another MP3 player in Apple’s line that’s close to this capacity. The largest iPhone holds 32GB and the iPod Touch 64GB. In addition, I find the iPod classic interface to be near perfect. The simplicity of the scroll wheel is a huge reason I think other MP3 players have never really caught on.

I think Apple may be going in one of two ways with the iPod classics:

1. Leave it as it is for the time being. Can the iPod really be improved much? Aside from maybe increasing the capacity (which really doesn’t seem to be in demand) what could be added or changed? The design is simple and works great. Maybe Apple views the iPod Classic with the “if it ain’t broke don’t fix it” mentality.

2. Kill the iPod Classic and push towards iCloud and iOS devices. Apple is really pushing toward a unified iOS platform. They want you to be able to sync all your data between all your iOS devices. I could see Apple pretty much saying “buy an iPhone and put your music in the cloud.” I have no doubts that storing music in the cloud may be the future, but is it ready yet? I can’t imagine being on a long road trip and relying on a 3G signal to stream music/podcasts. And as long as the upper tiers of iCloud are at the prices they are (50GB for US$100) I can’t see iPod Classic users being swayed to this direction.

If the iPod Classic is axed from Apple’s offerings, what then? Will iPod Classic users move to another company’s device? Will the Zune finally catch on? Will Apple hold onto their scroll wheel patents without implementing it? I’m just hoping my beloved iPod Classic hangs on for a few more years.

I have a proper backup system in place for my virtual machines in VMWare, but sometimes I want to make a quick clone of the entire machine while its running and dump it on an external drive,  burn to DVD, etc. Here’s the method I use for that:

1. Make a snapshot of your VM.

2. SSH into an ESX host.

3. su root

4. cd /vmfs/volumes/ then cd into the volume the VM is located (this can be found in the Options tab of the Virtual Machine Properties if you’re having trouble locating the path)

5. /usr/sbin/vmkfstools -i vmname.vmdk -d 2gbsparse backup_vmname.vmdk (replacing vmname.vmdk with the correct filename.) This command copies the machine and splits it into 2gb chunks, which is useful for storing on FAT32 file systems or splitting across several DVDs.

6. Once the command finishes, copy the backup files using Browse Datastore in vSphere or by SFTPing into one of the ESX hosts. (Since you did this as root, you may need to chmod 777 the backup files before copying them.)

That’s it! My next step is to incorporate this into some scripts, so I automatically backup and download the vmdk onto my box.

We’re currently in the process of moving our data center, and half of our servers are going to one place and the other half to another. One of the problems I’ve run into is our VMWare installation – it’s being moved along with almost all the VMs but one, which needs to go to our location down south. Unfortunately they don’t have a VMWare installation there, so they require a physical machine. My task was to migrate this virtual machine to a physical machine, in a very small amount of time.

VMWare provides a whitepaper (PDF) on doing a V2P migration that involves Microsoft Sysprep and Ghost. While I’d like to try this method, time was of the essence and I needed a quick way to do this. I decided to use Acronis Universal Restore. This is a handy program that will restore an Acronis image to a different set of hardware.

Here’s how I went about it:

1. Cloned the VM that I wanted to migrate to a physical machine. This machine had to stay up while I was doing the migration, so this allowed me to work on the clone from here on out.
2. In the Virtual Machine Properties, I changed the network adapters to be disconnected, as to not cause an IP/hostname conflict with the running machine if the VM were accidentally booted into Windows. I also hooked up an empty virtual disk on which to place the image on. (Acronis also supports dumping the image on a network share if you’d like to go that route.)
3. Made an ISO of Acronis, and booted the VM into it. Imaged the drive and placed the .tib file on the empty virtual disk.
4. Transferred the image to a USB hard drive.
5. Unboxed the server and popped the drives in. Hooked up the USB hard drive containing the image, and booted into Acronis.
6. Picked my image file. Selected “Universal Restore” in the options.
7. Once the imaging was done, rebooted. The server came right up into Windows! There were a lot of drivers missing, but that’s to be expected.
8. Fished the driver CD out of the server box and installed all the drivers. No problems here.
9. Assigned the server a new IP and new hostname, plugged it into the network and tested it. Worked flawlessly!

Recently it’s been revealed that the iPhone tracks and stores location info. Much has been written about this, and its privacy implications, so I won’t rehash any of that. Since I don’t have an iPhone, I can’t use the program that maps out all the location info stored in the iPhone. I do however have an iPod touch. It’s a 2gen, but it’s running iOS4 which seems to be when the location tracking started. Now obviously iPod Touches don’t include GPS, but surprisingly they do some some location capabilities. To see what’s being tracked, first we need to understand how iPod Touches track locations.

When I first got my iPod touch and loaded up the mapping app, I was surprised that it found my current location. I immediately did some research to see how this was possible. Until April 2010, Apple used a company called Skyhook. Skyhook maintains a database of WiFi access points and their latitude/longitude. So when you connect to an access point, it finds the MAC address in the database and pinpoints your location. How do they get this data? They simply drive around the country and log it all. In April 2010, Apple switched to using its own location data. It appears Apple get this information from crowd-sourcing iPhone users. When they connect to a WiFi point, it sends the MAC and latitude/longitude of the access point (gathered from their GPS) back to Apple for inclusion in their database.

So that brings us to the location database inside the iPod Touch. I extracted the consolidated.db file from my iPod and opened it with SQLite Manager. I found the CellLocation table that what everyone was initially concerned about. This is where the GPS information would be. Of course, it’s empty on the iPod Touch. More interestingly, theres the WiFiLocation table. It contains the MAC address of every WiFi point I’ve ever connected to or been near, along with a timestamp and the latitude and longitude. I checked everything out – the timestamps start in June 2010, when I upgraded to iOS 4 and this info began to be tracked.

Today, Apple released a statement saying it’ll be addressing some of the location tracking concerns in its next update of iOS. From Security Week:

Apple also said that over the next few weeks it would release a software update for iOS that would reduce the size of the crowd-sourced Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower database cached on the iPhone, cease backing up the cache, and delete the cache entirely when Location Services is turned off. Additionally, Apple said that in the next major iOS software release the cache would be encrypted on the iPhone, though a timeline for that was not provided.

I’ll be interested in digging into these databases after the update and see what’s all been changed.

If you’ve used a Kindle and have “Popular Highlights” turned on, you may have noticed passages automatically underlined as you’re reading. It’ll usually say something like “80 highlighters”. This feature weighs what all other Kindle readers are highlighting in that book, and it’ll highlight it for you. At first I thought this was pretty weird, but I’ve grown to like it. I recently found out anyone can access this data from the web at kindle.amazon.com.

Unfortunately, there’s no link from the regular Amazon book pages to the Kindle page – so if you’re browsing Amazon in your browser and want to see the popular highlights, you have to go to kindle.amazon.com and search for it. This frustrated me, so I wrote a small bookmarklet to take you from the Amazon book page to the Kindle page, which includes the popular highlights.

To use it, just drag this link into your bookmark bar: Kindle Popular Highlights

Or use this code:

javascript:var kindle=location.href.replace(‘www.amazon.com’,'kindle.amazon.com/work’);
kindle=kindle.replace(/ref.*/gi,”);location=kindle;

Unfortunately, it looks like Amazon only provides 10 highlights. This is understandable, because otherwise you could just read the best bits of a book! (Which would be great for a lot of non-fiction books.) I do however wish I could easily view all the popular highlights if I bought the book.

A couple of years ago a user got an error when opening Outlook 2003:

Cannot start Microsoft Office Outlook. Unable to open the Outlook window. The set of folders could not be opened. The server is not available. Contact your administrator if this condition persists.

Outlook would then immediately close. I verified that the server could be reached (it could).  After trying the basic things (like recreating the profile, checking the account for expired passwords, permissions issues) I Google the error. It looked like this was a common error, but everything that people suggested were what I had already tried. I struggled with this for some time, trying everything I could thing of and trying to at least narrow down the problem. No luck.

Until I removed the user from most of his groups.

It immediately started working. I added the groups back, and I got the error again. Bingo! Now I had another search term to research. After combing through more Google results, I found out about the Kerberos token size. Microsoft explains how this works in this unrelated KB article:

The Kerberos token has a fixed size. If a user is a member of a group either directly or by membership in another group, the security ID (SID) for that group is added to the user’s token. For a SID to be added to the user’s token, it must be communicated by using the Kerberos token. If the required SID information exceeds the size of the token, authentication does not succeed. The number of groups varies, but the limit is approximately 70 to 80 groups.

So not only does each group add it’s SID to the token, each nested group does as well. Our Active Directory has some notoriously nested groups, so this would drive up the token size, even when the user didn’t appear to be in an excessive about of groups.

Windows 2000′s maximum token size was 8000kb. In SP2 this was bumped up to 12000kb, and AFAIK that’s where it has remained, even in Windows 7. Luckily, you can increase the MaxTokenSize to 66535k (about 5 times the size). Here’s the registry key change:

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Kerberos\Parameters]
“MaxTokenSize”=dword:0000ffff

I keep this in a .reg file and run it whenever a new user has a problem. A quick reboot, and its good to go. For what I’ve read, it seems the low Kerberos token size can affect a lot more than just Outlook. I’ve read of people having problems with GPOs not being applied, for instance. I wonder why Microsoft hasn’t increased this by default yet, and what downsides – if any – are caused by increasing it.

If you’d like to read more about Kerberos token sizes and how they work, Microsoft provides an interesting whitepaper (.doc).